How the Brain Impacts Learning Essay

The brain is a very complex and amazing organ that consists of two very important halves. The right hemisphere and the left hemisphere, both of these effect how we learn and process information. In most cases we have a dominate side whether it be the left or right side. In some cases it is found that there are whole brained thinkers pulling information from both sides of the brain. Let’s cover how the brain works, what subjects each side learns and how it processes information, teaching techniques for the right, left and whole brained learners. The brain is made up of two halves, or hemispheres – the left brain and the right brain. The brain is divided into two distinct and separate parts by a fold that runs from the front to the back. These parts are connected to each other by a thick cable of nerves at the base of each brain, called the corpus collosum. A good analogy is that of two separate, incredibly fast and immensely powerful computers, each running different program from the same input, connected by a network cable, or the corpus collosum. The left hemisphere of our brain is â€Å"wired† to the right side of our body and vice versa. This even applies to our eyes, with information from our right eye going to the left hemisphere and information from our left eye feeding the right hemisphere†(Eden, Left brain right brain) The left and right side of the brain have different ways to process how they take in information and learn different subjects. Let’s start with the right side of the brain and see how it works in this way. The right hemisphere process the information best with demonstrated instructions, looking for patterns, similarities, open ended questions, drawings and is free with its feelings. â€Å"Right-brain students are the dreamers. They can be very intelligent and very deep thinkers—so much so that they can get lost in their own little worlds. They make great students of the social sciences and the arts. † (Fleming, 2011) The Left side sees things differently than the right side preferring verbal instructions, logical thinking, talking and writing, multiple choice testing and controls feelings. Dominant left brain students will be more organized, they’ll watch the clock, and they’ll analyze information and process it sequentially. They are often cautious, and they follow rules and schedules. Left brain students are strong in math and science, and can answer questions quickly. †(Fleming, 2011) The whole brained learners or middle brained learners, are the ones that can use both sides to processes the different information which is a great benefit to their success in life. They can look at a situation and choose which side would best solve the situation. Students who are middle brain oriented can have strong qualities from either hemisphere. Those students can benefit from logic from the left and intuition from the right. †(Fleming, 2011) We are all different in the way we use our brain; some having a dominate side and some utilizing both sides. Thus leaving the question of how teaching techniques can stimulate both sides? Teachers have a great responsibility teaching our children and they should teach in a way that can stimulate both sides of our brain or better yet the whole brain. It is important to know what types of thinkers you have in your classroom so they can be better taught. The examples above should give you an idea of how the right, left and middle brained thinkers take in the information so let’s move forward to how you can help teach them better. â€Å"For many students, particularly those who are â€Å"right-brained,† a visual, such as a picture or 3-D model, can help them better understand a concept. Another way to help â€Å"right-brained† students is to pair music with learning. Have students make up a song about history facts and sing it to the melody of a familiar song such as â€Å"On Top of Old Smoky. † Let these students see, feel, and touch things. â€Å"Right-brained† students also seem to thrive when doing group or hands-on activities. †(Quantum Learning, 1999, p. 31) Activities should include shared learning, group discussions, role-playing and experiments. These learning techniques will greatly benefit our right brained learners. To help â€Å"left-brained† students, provide information in very logical sequences—for example, make (numbered) lists for them. Another way to help students with a left-brain preference is to give them typed or printed directions. Let these students do their work step by step. â€Å"Left-brained† students seem to thrive when following plans and having structure with activities. † (Quantum Learning, 1999, p. 31) Activates should include analysis, research, realistic projects a nd worksheets. These learning techniques will benefit the left brained thinkers. Keeping in mind though, that many teaching techniques can benefit all of your students; it is also important to use both of these techniques to benefit the students that use both the left and right side of their brain. As an educator you need to understand how your students learn best whether it is a; dominate left or right brained student or the whole brained learner that likes a mixture of both techniques. Another great benefit you can find using these techniques in your lessons is to get a dominate brained student to use there less used side of thinking. Through this we have learned how the brain works, how we process and learn information using both sides of our brain and how teaching techniques are important in learning as a whole. We all learn new things each and every day so use this as it is vital information to help you learn to your full potential. Today, in more than years past, we are using these studies to help students learn as much as they can. Teaching curriculums are always on par with the best technology out there and the more that we learn about the differences between the two halves of the brain the more our children can learn.

Mundell-Fleming Model and RMB

Generally, Mundell-Fleming model states the impossibility an economy to sustain a fixed exchange rate system, liberalized trade and self-sufficient monetary regime altogether (cited in Cardona, unknown).   Also known as impossible trinity, this implication of the model assumes that domestic and international interest rates are equal.   Aside from the model, it should be noted that there are political and economic influences such as maintaining a strong currency ideology that motivates an economy to adapt a certain exchange rate system. Bolivia is a small and open economy that is recovering from a debt crisis in 1980s (cited in Cardona, unknown).   Under the crawling peg exchange rate system that the country adopts at that time, the model explains the inability of money supply to be moved because it has to follow dollars.   The role of Central Bank is limited to auctioning of dollars in a daily basis to devaluate the boliviano.   To prevent unemployment and slowdown in economic growth, the boliviano must follow the semi-fixed exchange rate system. On the revise side, Mexico experienced crisis under fixed exchange rate system (cited in Cardona, unknown).   The model predicts the inability of the currency to survive in the long-run under such system.   The Mexican currency aimed at appreciation but ended in overvaluation.   In this reason, Mexico should adopt flexible exchange rate system as increase in money supply (e.g. the cause of revaluation) can lead to lower domestic interest rate than global interest rate.   As a result, devaluation and normalization of the currency can happen. The implication of the model which is the impossible trinity of fixed exchange rate system, liberalized trade and self-sufficient monetary is relevant between US and China currencies (Stockman, 2000).   Both economies are large which enables them to capture the characteristics of IS-LM model (e.g. autarky) and Mundell-Fleming model (e.g. small open economy).   This makes them independent and very flexible on what exchange rate system would be employed.   For example, with pressures of revaluation of RMB from US authorities, the Chinese Government refused to do so in the grounds that it can cause lack of confidence and impression of conceding to the US from Chinese citizens. The RMB, especially in the pre-floating system, has captured a fixed rate system, exponential global trade intervention and autocratic monetary authorities at the same time.   This shows how the impossibility of trinity is relevant to the discussion of RMB especially when China assumes a conservative position regarding external trade to its economy.   On the other hand, the US Dollars would not dare to assume a fixed rate stance simply because virtually all currencies are pegged to it. Government ideology can serve as ultimate answer of Chinese authorities in their action to introduce fixed exchange rate system from 1995-2005 (Stockman, 2000). However, economic ends also motivated Chinese authorities to use fixed system.   It is meant to allow increasing trade (e.g. export and import) that the country houses from 1998-2003 and the aim to stabilize the current account balance throughout those years.   China is aware that beyond 1995 expels promising economic improvements particularly in trade liberalization efforts. In a study about the period1995-2005, it is proved that the fixed exchange rate system aided in the increase of Chinese income and price export elasticity (Garcia-Herrero & Koivu, 2007).   This means that any change in income of Chinese workers as well as prices of export commodities can lead to substitution effect from importing countries. The significance of these findings is that through the fixed exchange rate system Chinese economy resisted the influx of foreign direct investments that are made to modify the country’s balance of payments in risky terms.   To avoid dissolution of Chinese power in the minds of the population, the Government opt to fixed its exchange rate to prevent bowing to other currencies in the event of excessive trade and volatile net economic results. U.S. Mortgage Crisis Virtually all economic actors in the US mortgage industry contributed to its collapse in 2006 (Dupuis, 2007).   The increasing value of homes lured non-owners to borrow excessively beyond their capabilities while existing owners borrowed by using their properties as collaterals.   On the other end, lenders saw this scenario as opportunity to profit making them insensitive to creditworthiness of debtors.   Wall Street is also blamed for its contribution in carrying trade with outsiders (e.g. Japan) through ripping-off loans in foreign markets to finance the needs of mortgage companies, banks and lender. Lastly, and obviously the obvious conduit of mortgage crisis, is the lack of government intervention in housing sector.   As a result of these actions, sub-prime mortgage financial crisis inflamed that led to home foreclosures as interest rate rise and impacting reduction of supposedly rising house values.   The buyers of home did not have sufficient liquidity to solve their credit to lenders.   In effect, the lenders run to investment funds which in turn run to foreign markets and back to the US financial sector to address the credit problem. There are ways to mitigate the crisis.   First, the Central Bank can conduct open market operations to increase the chance of banks to access liquidity particularly short-term borrowing.   Second, homeowners and lenders can settle win-win terms in which the original contract can be modified based on the preference of one another.   Third, as prevention scheme, credit rating agencies can aid in creating an environment of transparency in the mortgage industry to prevent the same crisis in the future.   Lastly, authorities can contribute favorable legislations in lending methods, bankruptcy security and tax rate plans. The White House can intervene by improving the legal environment of which the mortgage industry can reduce substantial risk.   It can legitimize and support the media role in making the industry reports and practices more transparent.   This will not only create a less risky mortgage environment but also make it more competitive in the global business. The argument of President Bush is somewhat disciplinary as the profit-orientation of lenders is a clear manifestation of lack of public responsibility.   In effect, the Government may have the option to disregard the plea of the lenders as they are faced with bankruptcy and non-performing loans.   However, such argument does not mean to disregard the role of the Government in the mortgage industry and the White House should do its best to help lenders. The Fed, as mentioned earlier can execute open market operations to increase liquidity in the banking sector which in turn will provide liquidity to lenders to ease the credit difficulty in the mortgage industry (Andrews, 2007).   They can also affect money supply to affect interest rates and redeem the confidence of existing and potential homeowners about their abilities to pay their debts.   However, this should be done gradually in order to make economic entities responsible for the crises remember the tragic cause of their risky actions. The statement of the Fed Chairman is also coinciding with that of President Bush.   He too is a disciplinary authority that lenders and investors in the mortgage industry may not appreciate in these difficult times.   However, the penetrating open market operations may not seem a direct intervention to ease the needs but the effects will trickle down to small entities in the long-run. The mortgage crisis must be applied with active policy in the short-run particularly in addressing the liquidity needs of bigger banks that ensures the solvency of smaller banks that serve as lenders to homeowners.   The crisis is made by lack of experience of the sector in doing excessive speculation and craves for high priced assets. This excuse should be considered by authorities if it wish to minimize economic problems that the mortgage sector can further apply.   This act should be conducted through discretion and not by rule because the rule sometimes misinterprets the real world.   Discretion from monetary authorities (e.g. by involving in open market operations) and fiscal authorities (e.g. by legislating pro-crisis preventive laws) should be initiate to save not only the sector but the whole economy as well. References Andrews, E. (2007). US Congress split on solution to sub-prime crisis. New York Times. Cited in Cardona, R. (unknown). Aggregate demand in the short-run: The Mundell-Fleming Model. Dupuis, F. (2007). Impacts of the US Mortgage Crisis. Available in www.desjardins.com/economics Garcia-Herrero, Alicia and Tuuli Koivu, 2007, â€Å"Can the Chinese Trade Surplus Be Reduced through Exchange Rate Policy?† BOFIT Discussion Papers No. 2007-6 (Helsinki: Bank of Finland, March). Stockman, A. (2000). Exchange rate systems in perspective. Cato Journal, vol. 20, no. 1.            

The Phenomenon of the Equity Premium Puzzle Assignment

The Phenomenon of the Equity Premium Puzzle - Assignment Example Myopic loss aversion is a behavioral finance approach used to explain the size of equity risk premium. Behavioral finance deviates from the standard economic theory and integrates the human psychology with economic theory. The concept of myopic loss aversion rests on two principals   It includes the cognitive and unconscious operations used by people to organize, evaluate and keep track of financial activities. This approach implies that people tend to make and evaluate decisions one at a time and then they place them in separate mental accounts rather than evaluate them in a broader context. In a financial perspective, this refers to how transactions are grouped both cross-sectionally (are securities evaluated one at a time or as portfolios) and inter-temporally (how often are portfolios evaluated). When this narrow evaluation of the decisions and outcomes take place, financial investors will tend to make short-term decisions rather than adopt long-term policies regarding their investments and evaluate their gains and losses frequently. â€Å"When we look at the historical record of investment returns, we find that the vast majority of long-term returns are derived from just seven percent of all trading months. The returns of the remaining ninety-three percent of the months on average are virtually zero†. It implies that the shorter the investment horizon, greater the chances that the investor will experience a loss in the value his portfolio. Moreover, if an investor has the risk-averse preferences then the time horizon over which he evaluates his portfolio also impacts his investment preferences. For example, stocks seem to be risky and yield fewer returns in the short run, while debt instrument is safer and seem to be profitable in short run. So if a risk inverse investor inspects his portfolio daily then he will find the bonds much more profitable and attractive as compared to stocks and will find the stock highly risky and yielding lower returns, because stock prices highly fluctuate up and down on daily basis and losses have a double effect on investor’s mind.

DQ9 MGT 216 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ9 MGT 216 - Essay Example Some of the factors that shaped these values and perspectives are religious beliefs, knowledge of ethical and moral codes of standards, and outcome of previous experiences that confirm that observance to ethical and moral codes are beneficial in guiding me to make the most appropriate and effective decisions in life. The course has added value to one’s personal ethics and moral perspectives in terms of providing additional knowledge on ethical theories that are applicable in the business setting. The course provided the needed reinforcement to confirm correct decisions given ethical dilemmas in the business environment. As such, proper guidelines are imbibed and became a part of one’s set of knowledge, beliefs and values which would be most useful in good business practices in the near future. Initial recognition of the basis policies, procedures and code of conduct and behavior is always the starting point that one recognizes in various situations and settings (whether it be in the community, country, academic or organizational setting). As such, these rules become the basis for one’s actions and behavior in the setting where one actively participates. As such, the code of ethics and observance to conformity of moral rules guide one’s actions in communicating with others, in resolving conflicts (if any), and in deciding the most appropriate course of action, given ethical dilemmas that one encounters in life. These policies and guidelines also become one’s benchmark and gauge of performance to evaluate one’s ability to achieve defined goals, as expected. Therefore, one could be appropriately rewarded for exemplary performance or sanctioned to correct one’s misbehavior, as

Near Eastern and Egyptian Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Near Eastern and Egyptian Art - Essay Example The focus of the essay "Near Eastern and Egyptian Art" is on Eastern and Egyptian art and culture. It can be observed that in most of the world’s civilizations, there is a certain kind of interaction involving a deity, a holy person and the people of a nation. Such interactions are exemplified by passages from the Revised Standard Version of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible like in Numbers 21:4-9 and 27:1-11, and Leviticus 8:1-9 as given from the readings. In all three readings, it is written that God speaks to His people, the Israelites through his prophet, Moses. He does not speak directly to the people, and He does not show Himself to them, but only to Moses. The people, on the other hand speak to God only through Moses, as they are not allowed to even set foot on holy ground. Moses is seen as an intermediary between God and His people, and he can speak to God directly and tell Him the pleas of the people, and he can tell the people the words of God. Based on this situation, there is a certain distance between the deity and the people through a mediator chosen by the deity as his representative to the people. Such similarities in religious customs can also be seen in the polytheism of ancient Egyptians. Much like in the early Israelites, the deities of ancient Egypt also do not speak to the people directly, but through medium such as the high priests in their holy temples, or through pharaohs that were given the same status as the gods. Such division can be seen in the layout of the temple of Amun-Re.

Response Journal 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Journal 5 - Essay Example According to the CNN article, Transocean, the owner of the rig is blaming BP for its missteps which caused the spill. In the said article, Transocean pointed out that the explosion was the result of "a succession of interrelated well design, construction, and temporary abandonment decisions" that "compounded the likelihood of its failure," (CNN). If the claims of Transocean are true, we can conclude that an engineering decision was partly to blame for the spill. In fact even BP’s investigation revealed a failure in engineering design. As we all know, this spill caused widespread harm to the people, the environment and the wildlife of the region. A major implication of the engineering decisions in this incident is its effect in the environment. Marine life has been largely devastated. The aquatic food chain was disturbed causing the death of a multitude of organisms, several varieties of fish and other sea creatures. The economic implication of the spill is that the people whos e livelihood depends on the ocean now risk losing their means of survival. The social implication can be seen in how the spill affected the health of the workers at the rig and the people within the vicinity. Another important implication of the engineering decisions that led to the oil spill is in the area of politics. Government must have the will to restore the Gulf to its previous healthy condition.

Information system Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Information system - Article Example Procedure / Research Business Need: The labour cost control is used to control the situation of overstaffing of breakfast service, and thus can reduce the unnecessary labour expenses of the fine dining restaurant to the accepted budget range, with better using of resources for providing high-quality customer services with efficiency (James, 2003). Functionality: The functionality of the system should have is listed below: Identify the staff mix of morning shift in required number according to the occupancy of the day Defining hourly pay of staff and supervisors Budgeting the staff cost of breakfast service weekly Expected Value: We expect the project can decrease the labour cost of the fine dining restaurant which is led by the overstaffing of breakfast service, due to the ineffective way of rostering. On the other hand, improve customer satisfaction for reducing the complaints about the service inefficiency. Tangible: Reduce the annual total labour cost by 5% Reduce the yearly customer complaints calls by 10% Intangible: Improve staff efficiency Improve customer satisfaction Special Issues or Constraints: F&B manager mandates deadline for 31st May next year The system needed to be in place for the next financial year Technical feasibility Although some risks are presented, the Labour Cost Control System is considered to be technical feasible. The System's risk based on familiarity with application is medium: Microsoft Office such as Words and spreadsheets are commonly used in each department; and management staff had all trained to ensure their competency level of skills and knowledge IT department also has rich experience and knowledge in the utilisation of Microsoft Office and other relevant softwares However, many choices of... The first section is staged at gathering requirements and modelling the system in accordance to it. The design issues are handled in this stage which allows deeper penetration into the system for understanding the business process flows (Boehm, 2001). The labour cost control is used to control the situation of overstaffing of breakfast service, and thus can reduce the unnecessary labour expenses of the fine dining restaurant to the accepted budget range, with better using of resources for providing high-quality customer services with efficiency (James, 2003). We expect the project can decrease the labour cost of the fine dining restaurant which is led by the overstaffing of breakfast service, due to the ineffective way of rostering. On the other hand, improve customer satisfaction for reducing the complaints about the service inefficiency. From the organisational point of view, the project is considered to be low risk and expected to have high investment return (ROI - 182.30%). The project's objective focuses on reducing the labour expenses of the restaurant through breakfast service.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 42

Discussion - Essay Example This is evident with regimes or political parties whose organizational structure utilizes racial bases (Abdul 428). Mostly, the segregated category or race assumes the low class whereas the thriving one emphasizes on using the discriminating policies to maintain its class (Abdul 427). Unequal wealth distribution is a matter of concern especially to the society or state where it requires effective and timely rectification. This is because in many occasions, it yields to wrangles or wars especially if it entails diverse geographical and political blocs. Unequal distribution of wealth usually leads to uneven development especially in a state where the most favored people or region due to political influence, continues to thrive compared to others. Hence, indirectly this usually makes the state’s economy lag behind despite the most benefiting people belonging to the top class or the favored region (Abdul 427). It also leads to increased state of poverty where the affected people are unable to stabilize economically. This is because the already set policies usually act as a barrier between them and their destinies (Abdul 427). Therefore, I believe the implementation of policies by regimes or any authority to ensure unequal wealth distribution is unethical. Besides, it leads to more economic predicaments even to the favored categories, though indirectly. Abdul Aziz, et al. "Problem Of Unequal Distribution Of Wealth And Role Of Infaq (Donation) In Its Solution." Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 3.2 (2011): 426-429. Web. 27Th October

Infomatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Infomatics - Essay Example Caregiver, educator, and advocacy roles of a nurse identify need for computer competency towards knowledge development. As a caregiver and an educator, a nurse must develop knowledge that can then be conveyed to the audience for intended purposes and computer applications such as online searches from databases and libraries and communication applications aid these. Caregiver role requires greater competence for applications such as evidence-based research and evidence-based practice that the dynamic nursing environment necessitates. Competence into computer-based applications for data collection, analysis, and interpretation are necessary (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2011) and are my areas of weakness. Undergraduate and graduate students are competent in basic computer skills and have positive attitude towards informatics but parity in competencies between the two levels suggests need better skills at the higher levels (Choi & Martins, 2013) that can be inferred to needs at longer experien ce as mine. Nursing informatics competency is also necessary for improving effectiveness of self-care and for developing strategies for better self-care approaches (Knight & Shea, 2014), and this identifies need for improving my competency level. Use of research software for the application is the greatest weakness. Some software use commands for customization of worksheets to accommodate specific data sets, such as creation of headings for data sets. This remains my challenge and without it, input data lack meaning, and may rely on memory for an understanding. Similarly, specific commands or steps for executing in-built commands are necessary for conducting data analysis using statistical software and I lack the required competence. Results from my PATCH assessment identify my ability to realize the needs through learning to use computer and associated applications. My confidence in learning computer use for professional and creativity tasks, and my

Buildings on the roman forum or the imperial forum Research Paper

Buildings on the roman forum or the imperial forum - Research Paper Example It is positioned between Capitoline and palatine hills (Watkin 1). The coliseum was initially referred to as the Flavian Amphitheatre. It portends an egg-shaped shape and is situated in the middle of the metropolis of Rome and east of the Roman forum. It is the most gigantic building ever constructed in the history of Rome in additionally to being one of the most aesthetic and remarkable works in Roman engineering and architecture history. It was christened after the emperor administrating in the first century. Its construction was conducted between 73 and 75 AD and was completed in 79 AD (DuTemple 88). It is oval in shape and can house approximately 80000 spectators or audience. It occupies a total area of 6 acres and has 76 grand entrances. It is 50 meters high and 189 meters long. It is 156 meters wide and has an outer circumference of 545 meters. The center arena is approximately 287 feet long and 180 feet in width with a covering of 15 cm of sand. The arena walls are 15 feet high and the vaults are erected to span the 80 radial walls to support to the stairways and the spectators’ seats. It has 36 trapdoors and a series of subterranean tunnels that underlie 32 animal pens. 8 meters beneath the structure, the drainage pipes are constructed. Inside foundations were erected 4 meters under while the outer ones were erected 13 meters beneath the ground level (Beard and Hopkins 21). Travertine Limestone was employed in the erection of the main pillars, external walls and the entire ground of the coliseum. Tuff, a consolidated and porous stone obtained from vulcanicity was utilized in the crafting of the radial walls and pillars used to support the entire structure. Roman cement, which was an instrumental binding addition in the concrete mixture, was utilized in the creation of the pillars and walls. Tiles covered the floor and cement on vaults. It served as an arena to host entertainment for the ancient Romans as a gift. It was meant to be an eye

Diffusion and Osmosis Through Dialysis tubing Essay Example for Free

Diffusion and Osmosis Through Dialysis tubing Essay We did this experiment to test the diffusion of different substances through dialysis tubing. We used what we knew about diffusion to make predictions on what we thought the mass of the dialysis tubing to be after submerging them for 30 mins and we knew that diffuse occurs from highest concentration to lowest concentration. Since the dialysis tubings are filled with different substances than what they are being put into then they should all gain or lose mass. If the dialysis tubing is submerged in different substance than what is in the tubing then some of the dialysis tubings will lose mass and some will gain mass. To begin this experiment we filled 5 dialysis tubings with one of the five substances: water, egg white, NaCl, glucose, or sucrose. The equipment used was: 5 dialysis tubing, a scale, bekers, water, egg white, sucrose, glucose, NaCl, and 5 cups. We put the five dialysis tubing filled with one of the five substance into a cup filled with one of the substance: water, egg white, NaCl, glucose, or sucrose. Then we let them sit in there for 30 mins then took them out of the cups and remassed them. The dialysis tubing did let some of the different solutions in but not all of them. Most of the dialysis tubing gained mass and some lost some mass as well. We found that the substances go from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The data supports our purpose of doing this experiment to find out what happens when a substance in a dialysis tubing is put into a cup of a difference substance to see which ones gain mass and which ones lose mass. A pattern of the data is that the control group did not gain or lose mass. Two of the substances gained mass and two of the substance lost mass. Our results proved our hypothesis that some of the dialysis tubings would gain mass and some of the dialysis tubing would lose mass. Because two of the dialysis tubings gained mass and two of the dialysis tubings lose mass it just shows that the substances went for an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. A few errors of our experiment is that we could have not used enough of the substances in the dialysis tubings or we could have left the dialysis tubings the cups of substance for a long amount of time which could have changed our results majorly because the more time the dialysis tubings sit in the cup of substances the more they had time to diffuse. Osmosis through Dialysis Tubes We performed this experiment to see how water moves across a semi-permeable membrane. We filled the dialysis tubes with different Mole concentrations of sucrose, and we used our knowledge of osmosis to figure out the different concentrations. If the dialysis tube increases both in size and weight, then that dialysis tube had the highest mole concentration of sucrose. We learned that during osmosis, a form of passive diffusion which means that it requires no energy to move across the membrane, water will always move to the area where the water concentration is lower, so if the sucrose has a high mole concentration then the water will move into the bag since there is less water there, and if the bag has a low mole concentration then there will be little water moving into the bag since there is already a relatively high concentration in the bag. The materials we used to conduct this experiment were: 6 Dialysis Tubes, 6 different mole concentrations of sucrose (0 M concentration, 2 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹M concentration, 4 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration, 6 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration, 8 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration, 1 M concentration), 6 cups to hold the water, a scale to weigh the mass of the dialysis tubes before submerging the bags in water and after. To begin this experiment we first filled the bags with the different mole concentrations of sucrose, the different concentrations were color-coordinated with different colors for a different concentration. Next we weighed the mass of the bags before submerging them in the water, and filled the cups with water so that we could submerge the tubes. After the bags were massed and the cups were filled with water we submerged the bags for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes were up we took the bags out of the water and blotted them off with a dry paper towel. Finally we massed the bags and recorded our results so that we could compare them with the results from before we submerged the tubes. After analyzing our results we concluded that the Blue substance was water, because it gained no mass, The purple substance was the 2 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained little mass, more than the blue substance. The light green substance the 4 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained some mass, more than the 2 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ .concentration but not as much as the 6 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration. The red substance was the 6 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained more mass than the 4 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration but less than the 8 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration. The green substance was the 8 x 10⠁ »Ã‚ ¹ M concentration because it gained more mass than the .6 Molar concentration but less than the 1 M concentration, and finally the Yellow substance was the 1 M concentration, because it gained the most mass. Our results answered our question, How can you tell the molar concentration of a 0 .2, .4, .6, .8 , and 1 molar concentration of sucrose? Our results showed us that our hypothesis, If the dialysis tube increases both in size and weight, then that dialysis tube had the highest mole concentration of sucrose, was also correct because the Yellow substance gained the most mass out of all the other substances and was also the substance with the highest Molar concentration of 1, and the Blue concentration gained no mass therefore it was water, because if there is as much water on the inside as the outside then no osmosis takes place. Some sources of error for this experiment is that we could have left the solutions in longer, possibly changing our results. Or that we could have also not used enough of the solutions. Diffusion using Potato rounds We are conducting this experiment in order to see what happens during the process known as diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane. Our hypothesis was that if the Molar concentration is higher in a sucrose solution then the potato will lose mass and if the Molar concentration is lower in a sucrose solution then the potato will gain mass. We learned about diffusion and how a semi-permeable membrane only lets certain molecules pass through it. Diffusion is the act of a molecule passively passing through a semi-permeable membrane. This action of diffusion helps regulate the cell’s processes and this is done on a regular basis so that the cell can live and function. For this experiment we needed: 36 potato sticks (18 of a sweet potato and 18 of a regular potato), 6 sucrose solutions (0M, .2M, .4M, .6M, .8M, and 1M), a scale, cups. First what we did was we massed our potato sticks, and recorded them. Next we filled the cups with the different solutions of sucrose and submerged the potato sticks for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes we massed the potato sticks and recorded the changes and analyzed the previous data with the data we received, here are our results: After analyzing our results, we concluded that the potato sticks in the Blue concentration gained the most mass out of all the solutions, and the yellow concentration grained not mass, but instead lost mass. This is because water will move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. We also calculated the water potential of the potato sticks and found it to be -7.86 for a regular potato and -17.01 for the sweet potato. All of the experiments that we did, the substances had a semi-permeable membrane that only let certain things through it. All of the experiments consisted of putting different substances into cups filled with different solution and seeing if they lost or gained mass dependent on if the amount of water that was in the substances and the solutions. There was a pattern throughout all of the experiments where one of the substances in the cups of solution gained nor lost mass but stayed the same and two of the substances in the cups of solution gained mass and two of the substances in the cups of solution lost mass.

Analysis of Japans Economic Structure

Analysis of Japans Economic Structure The Japanese economic structure has always been perceived to be both stable and reliable. Despite periods of difficulty, the rules and regulation surrounding the Japanese banking industry have always attempted to deal with any potential problems and to manage them both on an international and national level. However, there is an argument that the stringent nature of the regulation in itself has caused some problems for the sector, with many banks finding themselves in distressed positions having followed the approaches advocated by the central Ministry of Finance. Prior to the difficulties faced in the 1980s, which will be discussed in greater detail later, the Japanese banks largely followed the guidance of the Ministry and felt safe in the knowledge that there was a safety net in place should they fall into financial difficulties. Japanese banking, as a whole, was not particularly profitable and instead operated a cautious, yet extremely stable service. Despite this approach, the Japanese banking sector hit a substantial crisis in the 1980s, shocking not only those within the Japanese banking system, but also those involved in banking arond the globe. By studying the events that caused this period of difficulty and looking more specifically at the activities of one banking group, in particular, it is hoped that lessons can be drawn from the scenario that will prevent similar events happening again. Background to Japanese Banking The bursting of the bubble in the 1980s did not just come from nowhere; in fact, when the banking system within Japan is studied, for many decades before the bubble burst, it is clear to see that the foundations for this difficult time had been laid some considerable time in advance of the events themselves. Post war Japan took a very segmented and internal approach to banking. Very few transactions were conducted internationally, with almost all financing products being offered to Japanese corporations. This worked in the main due to the mentality of the Japanese people; they were keen savers, therefore, the banks in Japan had a steady flow of funds available to offer financing to Japanese corporations. As a general rule, city banks offered financing to larger corporations, whereas regional banks offered financing to smaller and more local businesses. In fact, international trading was so low down on the agenda that the government used the Bank of Tokyo in the 1950s and 1960s to deal with the foreign exchange needs of the country and to act as the main foreign representative. Banks within Japan worked together, with the long term credit banks offering completely different services to the commercial banks. The banks were very customer orientated, offering financing at incredibly cheap rates to stimulate the economy, often at the expense of the banks’ profitability. All elements of the banking sector were managed closely by the Ministry of Finance which was largely responsible for all rate setting and banking relationships. Mergers between banks rarely happened and when they did they were often unsuccessful due to the segregated nature of the different banks, thus making it difficult for companies to merge successfully in terms of culture, administration and ethos. Stability and low costs were the cornerstones of the Japanese banking sector and in this context Japan slowly became recognised on the international capital market radar due to the low cost of borrowing and the large amount of funds available. For example, when RJR Nabisco was taken over with a financing package of $25 billion, Japanese banks were central to providing the necessary funds. Increasing global involvement led to six out of the ten top banks in the world based on asset size being Japanese, in the early 1990s. Bursting of the Bubble Despite what seemed to be an extremely solid and stable banking system, the Japanese banking system suffered a terrible shock in the 1980s and 1990s, which resulted in a widespread financial crisis[1]. Prior to the 1980s, the banking system in Japan was relatively insular with little international exposure. As the Japanese banks began to deal more and more with other countries, they became increasingly attracted to different financial innovations and instruments, many of which were higher risk than previously undertaken. Not only did the influx of international finance encourage new innovations, but it also led to the Ministry of Finance having to loosen its grip on the regulation of the Japanese banking sector. Deregulation became necessary so that foreign banks were able to enter the Japanese market. There was a large amount of pressure placed on the Japanese government to ensure that deregulation took place, as it had a substantial trade surplus with other countries (i.e. it was exporting more goods than it was importing, meaning that it relied on good relations with these countries to maintain its trade position). The European banking system was also undergoing radical change and, as such, there was a growing need for other countries such as Japan to offer EU institutions equal treatment. The combination of these factors led to the Ministry of Finance finally accepting that both domestic and international banks had to undergo a period of deregulation[2]. A combination of a loose financial policy and deregulation led to the increase in the supply of money and the decrease in the interest rate. Cheap lending rates and greater availability of credit led to many individuals and institutions taking speculative positions and making much riskier investment than had previously been undertaken. Japan also found that property became a major issue, during the economic downturn. As Japan is a particularly mountainous country, land is at a premium and has always maintained a reasonably high value. For this reason, land was often used as collateral on debts and as a seemingly solid investment. Land and equity prices continued to escalate; however, in 1989, the Japanese government decided to try and control these spiralling prices by raising interest rates[3]. These increases in the interest rates led to a massive financial crisis with huge falls in the stock market and many of the previously entered into debts turning bad. Many banks began to flounder and a series of governmental bail-outs and mergers took place as the country struggled to regain control over the economy. Credit became difficult to obtain which, in turn, brought capital investment to an abrupt halt, further slowing down the economic performance of the country[4]. Zaitech Financing One of the main innovations in terms of investing opportunities that entered the Japanese banking arena, during the 1980s period of deregulation, was that of the Zaitech. Quite simply a Zaitech is a form of financial engineering which allows the banking institution to invest its surplus funds for a return. At the safest end of the scale, the Zaitech involves taking any corporate excesses and investing them in bank deposits. At the other end of the scale, a Zaitech could involve borrowing in the Eurobond market and using the finance to conduct speculative investments in bonds or property. It is this latter approach that many of the Japanese banks took during the period immediately after deregulation. The combination of low interest rates and high values of land encouraged the banks to borrow at the low interest rate and invest in property, bringing in a healthy return. Furthermore, many Japanese companies recognised that they could easily raise funds by issuing convertible bonds to the public. Between the years of 1984 and 1989, it was estimated that Japanese corporations issued a total of $720 million in securities, of which it was thought that around 80% were equities[5]. Japan also had the principle that corporations were not required to state how they invested liquid assets. This made it difficult for analysts to make sensible judgments in relation to the risks that a certain company was undertaking in the form of financial investments. This led to greater speculations and difficulties and caused the stock market values to plummet further still when interest rates were increased and the value of property began to slide. Background to the Sakura and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Case All of the turmoil above led to the eventual merger of Sakura with Sumitomo, in April 2002. Sakura bank really suffered, during the early 1990s, largely due to increasing costs, rising interests rates and falling profit margins. Its risk asset ratios, as required by the international body BASEL, were also substantially lower than is considered desirable and it continued to find it difficult to meet the capital adequacy rules. As much of the difficulty was perceived to be down to higher costs, Sakura set about reducing its costs by integrating staff function and information system technology, where possible. Although this had a positive impact on the company, ultimately the main problem came from the increasing number of bad debts that the company had in its portfolio. The Ministry of Finance had traditionally been unwilling to allow banks to write off bad debt as this would not have given a positive view of the banking sector. Companies such as Sakura were not concerned about this as they simply followed the guidance of the Ministry of Finance, safe in the knowledge that it was protected by the government. However, as the financial climate worsened, there was growing concern that these bad debts would have to be written off. This took time, and during the early 1990s, the bad debt simply mounted as institutions (Sakura included) were reluctant to admit to the failings within their debt profile[6]. Sakura’s segment in the banking sector was very much focussed on the retail banking end of things, with high numbers of mortgages being given to domestic lenders. As property prices fell and interest rates rose, this factor also led to a substantial increase in the amount of loans that were defaulted on and yet more bad debt was accumulated[7]. Worse still, Sakura was competing largely against the Japanese Post Office with its retail banking offerings; the Post Office had the advantage of being hugely subsidised, of having certain tax relief advantages and not having to seek approval to make changes such as opening branches. These advantages have made it particularly difficult for Sakura to offer customers competitive options. Recognising the difficulties facing the banks, the Japanese government offered a substantial bail-out to several banks, Sakura included, which helped to raise the amount of capital available to these banks which, although it was successful, did little to assist the economy, as a whole, as banks were still reluctant to lend any funds to consumers, causing yet further economical difficulties[8]. The Merger Despite the difficult times, Sakura did have some positive movements during the 1990s. One of its most successful ventures was the 50% involvement in the consortium Japan Net Bank which successfully opened an internet and ATM based banking offering. Sakura realised that it needed to form a strategic alliance with another bank, if it was to be able to compete with the other mega-bank structures that were being developed across Japan. It also needed to ensure that it had sufficient capital strength within the market. Discussions were entered into with several large banks and in April 2001 (a whole year ahead of schedule), an agreement was reached between Sakura and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group[9]. This merger was interesting for several reasons. Firstly, the two companies did largely different things; Sakura was a commercial bank and Sumitomo was a money centre bank. Although Sumitomo was highly regarded amongst its peers, all money centre banks were generally underperforming. Prior to the merger, Sumitomo had established itself (through a joint venture with Daiwa Securities) as a bank that would substantially increase its offerings in relation to investment banking. In contrast to this, Sakura had particular power in relation to retail banking, particularly with the new area of internet banking that it had recently entered into. Unlike other mergers, the one between Sakura and Sumitomo was done through traditional avenues with Sumitomo effectively taking over Sakura and renaming as Sumitomo Mitsui. In doing so, the merged company was then managed by a unified board of 30 directors. Operations were largely merged, which resulted in a large amount of cost saving and economies of scale were enjoyed across the whole company. In completing the merger, the newly formed Sumitomo Mitsui became the third largest bank in the world. The merger was not all plain sailing and many staff left the company, some voluntarily and some through redundancy. There were also cultural clashes as two rival firms merged and had to accept external interference in their work, which had traditionally been kept very segmented[10]. Over time, the merger has allowed the bank to become much more stable and to meet the Basel requirements, partly through diversification and partly through cost saving. Current Financial Crisis The situation facing Japanese banks in the 1990s is not entirely different from that currently facing the US, the UK and much of the rest of the world. The similarities are stark; the US, in particular, has been mounting up bad debts, backed on overpriced property in exactly the same way as Japan did in the 1980s and early 1990s. Despite the seemingly similar issues that have led to the crisis in the US, as happened in Japan, there have been some differences which may allow the countries affected by the widespread credit crunch to avoid such a prolonged period of recession as the one that was experienced in Japan[11]. There are several reasons for this belief. Firstly, the US government reacted much more quickly and decisively when the emerging problems were first identified. In Japan, the Ministry of Finance attempted to maintain an approach of perceived stability for some time after a crisis became evident, allowing banks to store up bad debt for a considerable period of time. Also, other countries (and in particular the US) have much higher consumer spending, traditionally. One of the main reasons that the Japanese economy took so long to recover was due to the reluctance of individuals to spend any money that they had; this is not likely to be such a large factor in the current crisis. However; the health of the Japanese economy prior to its crisis should not be ignored. When Japan entered the period of decline in the 1980s, it was in a much more robust economic position than those countries being affected by the current credit crunch. It had a trade surplus, no borrowing and cash reserves. The US, on the other hand, had debts of around 190% of the gross domestic product when it entered the credit crunch period. Japanese individuals were also keen savers and could, therefore, reduce their saving ratio to mitigate the impact of the recession. This approach is not as readily available in the US and UK. Conclusions There are stark lessons to be learned from the situation that Japan faced in the 1980s and 1990s. Whilst, on the face of it, the parallels drawn between the current financial crisis and that faced by Japan are worryingly similar, it should be noted that a large part of Japan’s problem came from a reluctance to accept that there ever was a problem. With quick reactions from the government and strategic mergers, such as the one discussed above, the lessons learned from the Japanese crisis can truly be put to good use. Bibliography Allen, Roy E., Financial Crises and Recession in the Global Economy, Edward Elgar, 2000. Amyx, Jennifer Ann, Japans Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change, Princeton University Press, 2004. Ardrey, William J. IV, Pecotich, Anthony J., Ungar, Esta, Structure, commitment and strategic action for Asian transitional nations’ financial systems in crisis, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19, 1, 2001. Arestis, Philip, Baddeley, Michelle, Mccombie, John, What Global Economic Crisis? Palgrave, 2001. Brewer, Iii Elijah, Genay, Hesna, Kaufman, George G., Banking Relationships during Financial Distress: The Evidence from Japan, Economic Perspectives, 27, 2003. Browne, Lynn Elaine, Does Japan Offer Any Lessons for the United States, New England Economic Review, 2001. Fiedler, Robert, Brown, Karl, Moloney, James, Liquidity risk: what lessons can be learnt from the crisis in Japan’s banking system? Balance Sheet, 10, 1, 2002. Friedland, John H., The Law and Structure of the International Financial System: Regulation in the United States, EEC, and Japan, Quorum Books, 1994. Hall, Maximilian J.B., Supervisory reform in Japan, Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 7, 3, 1999. Hall, Maximilian J.B., The sub-prime crisis, the credit squeeze and Northern Rock: the lessons to be learned, Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 16. 1, 2008 Herbig, Paul A., Palumbo, Fred, A Brief Examination of the Japanese Innovative Process, Marketing Intelligence Planning, 12, 1, 1994. Hickson, Charles R., Turner, John D., Banking instability in South East Asia: causes and cures, European Business Review, 99, 3, 1999. Howe, Christopher, China and Japan: History, Trends, and Prospects, Oxford University Press, 1996. Ichimura, Shinichi, Economic Growth, Savings and Housing Finance in Japan, Journal of Economic Studies, 8, 3, 1981. Kang, Myung-Koo, Japans Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change, Pacific Affairs, 79, 2006. Kashyap, Anil K., Sorting out Japans Financial Crisis, Economic Perspectives, 26, 2002. Katada, Saori N., Banking on Stability: Japan and the Cross-Pacific Dynamics of International Financial Crisis Management, University of Michigan Press, 2001. Kelly, Dominic, Japan and the Reconstruction of East Asia Book, Palgrave, 2002. Khoury, Sarkis J., The Deregulation of the World Financial Markets: Myths, Realities, and Impact, Quorum Books, 1990. Lindgren, Carl-Johan, Financial Sector Crisis and Restructuring: Lessons from Asia, International Monetary Fund, 1999. Liou, Kuotsai Tom, Managing Economic Development in Asia: From Economic Miracle to Financial Crisis, Praeger, 2002. Llewellyn, David T., Lessons from recent banking crises, Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 6, 3, 1998. Mera, KÃ…Â ichi, Renaud, Bertrand, Asias Financial Crisis and the Role of Real Estate,  M.E. Sharpe, 2000. Mikitani, RyÃ…Â ichi, Posen, Adam Simon, Japans Financial Crisis and Its Parallels to U.S. Experience, Peterson Institute, 2000. Miller, Marcus, Luangaram, Pongsak, Financial Crisis in East Asia: Bank Runs, Asset Bubbles and Antidotes, National Institute Economic Review, 1998. Nakajima, Chizu, Japan: Recent Failures in the Japanese Banking Sector, Journal of Financial Crime, 3, 1995. Picard, Robert R., Groth, John C., Japan’s journey to the future, Management Decision, 39, 4, 2001. Rugina, Anghel N., A country and/or international organisation faced with a big disequilibrium: The case of the crisis in Southeast Asian area during 1997-1999, International Journal of Social Economics, 28, 1/2, 2001. Schroeck, Gerhard., Risk Management and Value Creation in Financial Institutions  By Gerhard, John Wiley and Sons, 2002. Sawabe, Norio, Accounting for the public interest: a Japanese perspective, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 18, 5, 2005. Sharma, Shalendra D., The Asian Financial Crisis: Crisis, Reform, and Recovery, Manchester University Press, 2003. The International Financial Crisis, Challenge, 42, 1999. Valentine, Tom., Ford, Guy., Readings in Financial Institution Management: Modern Techniques for a Global Industry, Allen Unwin, 1999. Wolfson, Martin H., Financial Crises: Understanding the Postwar U.S. Experience, M.E. Sharpe, 1994. Wolgast, Michael, MAs in the financial industry: A matter of concern for bank supervisors? Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 9, 3, 2001. Yamazaki, Shozo, A Japanese Way for 2000 Beyond the Bubble Crash, Pacific Accounting Review, 11, 1/2, 1999. Footnotes [1] Khoury, Sarkis J., The Deregulation of the World Financial Markets: Myths, Realities, and Impact, Quorum Books, 1990. [2] Allen, Roy E., Financial Crises and Recession in the Global Economy, Edward Elgar, 2000. [3] Miller, Marcus, Luangaram, Pongsak, Financial Crisis in East Asia: Bank Runs, Asset Bubbles and Antidotes, National Institute Economic Review, 1998. [4] Nakajima, Chizu, Japan: Recent Failures in the Japanese Banking Sector, Journal of Financial Crime, 3, 1995. [5] Amyx, Jennifer Ann, Japans Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change, Princeton University Press, 2004. [6] Hall, Maximilian J.B., Supervisory reform in Japan, Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 7, 3, 1999. [7] Mera, KÃ…Â ichi, Renaud, Bertrand, Asias Financial Crisis and the Role of Real Estate,  M.E. Sharpe, 2000. [8] Valentine, Tom., Ford, Guy., Readings in Financial Institution Management: Modern Techniques for a Global Industry, Allen Unwin, 1999. [9] Ardrey, William J. IV, Pecotich, Anthony J., Ungar, Esta, Structure, commitment and strategic action for Asian transitional nations’ financial systems in crisis, International Journal of Bank Marketing, 19, 1, 2001. [10] Kang, Myung-Koo, Japans Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change, Pacific Affairs, 79, 2006. [11] Mikitani, RyÃ…Â ichi, Posen, Adam Simon, Japans Financial Crisis and Its Parallels to U.S. Experience, Peterson Institute, 2000.

The Heart Disease Prediction System Computer Science Essay

The Heart Disease Prediction System Computer Science Essay There are enormous amount of data available from medical industry which could be useful for medical practitioners when it is used for discovering hidden pattern with help of existing data mining techniques. The basic medical records from a patients profile can be useful in identifying hidden pattern with data mining techniques. In this paper, NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm to predict heart disease is implemented with basic records of patients like age, sex, heart rate, blood pressure etc., from a sample dataset. The benefits, limitations, and technical details of this implementation will also be discussed in this paper. 1 Introduction Over these years in medical history, many types of medical problems have been identified and many data are available regarding a particular problem. But not all the medical data are same, but there are many patterns hidden inside those data which needs to be identified. Data mining techniques could help identify these hidden patterns by knowledge discovery. In the medical field, patients health issues are predicted by doctors intuition or experience [2] where the knowledge rich data is suppressed which results in high medical expenses and unnecessary medical tests. In recent years, there are many researches being conducted in order to find the hidden pattern from basic medical data [1]. Identifying these hidden pattern would result in a developing an efficient decision making system in medical industry which aide as a tool to support doctors decision making or at least serve as a prediction system for any medical issues. In this paper, we have taken into consideration of heart disease and predict it using the set of data that are already in existence with the help of data mining technique. The algorithm that we have chosen is the NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm, this algorithm is ideal for a vast amount of database that may contain hundreds and thousands of rows and columns. The NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm provides the intended output faster and more accurate as the number of data in the database increase. 1.1 Problem Scenario There are only few decision support systems available in medical industry whose functionalities are very limited. As mentioned earlier, medical decisions are made with doctors intuition and not from the rich data from the medical database. Wrong treatment due to misdiagnosis causes serious threat in medical field. In order to solve these issues data mining solution was with help of medical databases was introduced. 1.2 Related Work There are many techniques available to discover knowledge from medical database [1]. Researchers at Southern California used data mining technique to discover the success and failure of back surgery in order to improve medical treatment [3]. Shouman et al [4] implemented predictive data mining to diagnose heart disease of patients. Palaniappan et al [2] developed a prototype Intelligent Heart Disease Prediction System (IHDPS), using data mining techniques. 1.3 Objective In this paper, NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm to predict heart disease is implemented with basic records of patients like age, sex, heart rate, blood pressure etc., from a sample dataset. Based on the literature survey NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm was found to be an effective technique. The probabilistic method helped in finding the converse probability of the conditional relationship. The dependence relation may exist between two attributes of data set which can be determined with this algorithm. 2 Data Preparation In order to implement the algorithm, a medical data was required. The sample dataset used for the purpose of implementation of algorithm was obtained from Cleveland Clinic Foundation. The sample of dataset is shown in the below figure (Figure1.) C:UsersMadan KumarDesktopUntitled2.jpg Figure1. Sample dataset 2.1 Dataset Source The Cleveland institute medical data was downloaded from website of University of California, Irvine. 2.2 Dataset Attributes The dataset consists of 16 attributes. The last attribute of dataset consists of value 0 and 1. The value 0 indicates that the patient does not have heart disease whereas 1 indicates that the patient has a heart disease. The prediction of algorithm can be verified with this value while evaluating the algorithm. The first 15 attributes are shown in the figure2. C:UsersMadan KumarDesktopattri.jpg Figure2. Dataset attributes 3 Program Architecture The program was implemented using JAVA. Apache TOMCAT server and MySQL Database is also used. The NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm has three class files: Calculation.java, Prediction.java, and Detection.java. Detection.java reads the data file from the source path and stores the attributes into temporary array list. The mean and standard deviation values calculations are performed and probability calculation is also done in Prediction.java. All the dataset attributes are defined in calculation.java where mean and standard deviation of attributes were calculated. The calculation.java calls the other two classes while executing the program. Figure3 represents the program architecture. C:UsersKirubanidhyDesktopArchitecture.jpg Figure3. Architecture 3.1 Building and running a Demo TOMCAT server is used to present the output in web based form. The output will run in localhost. The MySQL database is used to identify the patient records. At the execution point, the local host is accessed and 15 questions will be displayed which will be obtained from user and algorithm will be called to calculate and predict the disease possibility on that person. A report will be generated at the end of the demo which says if the person is predicted with heart disease or not. In general, 1. Obtains the values from user. 2. Reads the data file. 3. Calls the algorithm and calculates mean, deviation, and probability of attributes. 4. Generates a report displaying the values given with the prediction of disease. 4. Implementation All the attributes of dataset is of a numerical value that has some meaning. The meaning of dataset attributes are as shown in figure2. Example: the attributes sex is denoted with values 1 and 0 where 1 denotes Male and 0 denote Female. Fasting blood sugar values are also denoted using 1 and 0 where 1 denotes >120mg of fasting blood sugar level and 0 denotes These values from the data file are accessed by the NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm. The values 0 and 1 are extracted from data file and stored to an array list for each attribute e.g. age array list, sex array list, and chest pain type array list etc., in order to perform calculation. Here, the values are defined on what those values stands for before storing to the array list. The sample of the interface (for obtaining slope value) is shown in figure4. Here the un-sloping, flat, and down- sloping represents the value 1, 2, and 3 respectively. C:UsersMadan KumarDownloadsUntitled.jpg Figure 4. Interface Sample C:UsersMadan KumarDownloadsUntitled2.jpg Figure5. Sample of report format 5. Modules Description Analyzing the Data set The attribute Diagnosis was identified as the predictable attribute with value 1 for patients with heart disease and value 0 for patients with no heart disease. The attribute PatientID was used as the key; the rest are input attributes. It is assumed that problems such as missing data, inconsistent data, and duplicate data have all been resolved. Naives Bayes Implementation in Mining Bayes Theorem finds the probability of an event occurring given the probability of another event that has already occurred. If B represents the dependent event and A represents the prior event, Bayes theorem can be stated as follows. 5.2.1 Bayes Theorem Prob (B given A) = Prob (A and B)/Prob (A) To calculate the probability of B given A, the algorithm counts the number of cases where A and B occur together and divide it by the cases where A occurs alone. Applying NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes to data with numerical attributes, predict the class using NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes classification: Figure6 (a) Top Mean (b) Bottom Standard Deviation Figure6 (c) Laplace Transform 6. Evaluation User enters the values for the questionnaire to find out whether the patient has a heart disease or not. By feeding sample data from the dataset and performing the mining operations with the NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm, it is found out that the NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm gives 95% probability in predicting if patient have heart disease or not. 95% accuracy is quite good to use as a decision support system. The figure shows the accuracy of NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm (figure7). The figure shows the highest probability of correct predictions and lowest probability of incorrect predictions. C:UsersMadan KumarDesktopUntitled1.jpg Figure7. Model Results of three algorithms [2] 7. Limitations Apart from the benefits like probabilistic approaches and fast reliable algorithm of NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes, the serious shortcoming of the algorithm is its ability in handling small datasets. NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes classifier requires relatively large dataset to obtain best results. Yet, studies showed that Naive Bayes algorithm outperforms other algorithms in accuracy and efficiency. Notable limitation of this paper is the usage of small dataset. This dataset can be used for training or testing purpose only. Also the dataset could include more attributes for a more effective prediction in supporting clinical decisions. 8. Future Work The algorithm is working well with this sample dataset. Implementing the algorithm with large dataset could give better results which can aid as a supporting tool in making medical decisions. In future, other possible algorithms could be implemented where efficiency of all algorithms could be analyzed to decide on best suitable technique in terms of speed, reliability, and accuracy. 9. Conclusion In this paper, NaÃÆ'Â ¯ve Bayes algorithm is the only algorithm used for calculation of attributes and prediction. Efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm in predicting were discussed. Designing effective models are constrained by size of the datasets and noisy, incorrect, missing data values. The prototype developed so far has been generally tested by computer experts and not by the doctors. For effective understanding of the health issues, medical experts have to work collaboratively and test the prototypes in order to implement the system in real life to support medical experts in taking clinical decisions.

Is Equality Truly Equal? Essay -- Gender Pay Gap, Glass Ceilings

Women have always been paid less than men for doing the same work of the same quality. We are at a point in history where all people are considered to be equal, especially in this country. But even in this â€Å"equal world, women are still paid less. Is this what equal looks like? We can’t just brag about being of the forerunners of the modern world, we have to actually practice what we preach. The worst part of this inequality is that most people are oblivious to this pay gap; employees are usually prohibited from sharing the amount they are being paid. A large number of families that this affects are single mother families where there is only one paycheck to provide for the entire family. â€Å"In 2010, in nearly two-thirds of families (63.9 percent), a mother was either the breadwinner†¦When women’s wages are lowered due to gender discrimination, their families’ incomes are often significantly lowered as well† (Glynn). This is a problem that is c onstantly being ignored, but no more, it must be addressed in order to make equality equal. Because employers assume that women are prone to focus more time on their family and less towards furthering their own career, therefore we should pass the Paycheck Fairness Act of 2013, since the law would provide the same pay to women as to men; equal work for equal pay. The Women's Rights Movement, which began in 1848, sought out to achieve full civil rights in this country. From this movement women ultimately gained the right to vote. In addition, the American Equal Rights Association was founded, the Working Women's Protective Union in New York was established, the National Labor Union supported equal pay for equal work, and the Association for the Advancement of Women was formed. During World War I... ...Unchanged Since 2002.† National Partnership for Women & Families. National Partnership for Women & Families. 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 5 Nov. 2013 Noguchi, Yuki. â€Å"50 Years After The Equal Pay Act, Gender Wage Gap Endures.† NPR. NPR. 10 June 2013. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. O’Brien, Susie. "More Pay For Men Women Miss Out On $165 A Week, Thanks To Gender Pay Gap." Herald Sun (Melbourne)(2013): 11. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. â€Å"The Paycheck Fairness Act: The Next Step in the Fight for Fair Pay.† National Organization for Women. National Organization for Women. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. Waldron, Travis. â€Å"The 10 Jobs With The Biggest Gender Wage Gap.† ThinkProgress. Center for American Progress Action Fund. 9 Apr. 2013. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. Will, George F. "A New Project For The Gender Police." Newsweek156.14 (2010): 24. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.

Muslim and Non Muslim Laws :: essays research papers

Islamic law and non-Muslims Some pro-Israeli opinion cite traditional interpretations of sharia (Islamic law) which requires, among other things, that Muslim territory encompass all land that was ever under Muslim control, as a source for the Arab-Israeli conflict. Since the territory of Israel, prior to being the British Mandate of Palestine, was once part of the Ottoman caliphate, some Islamic clerics believe it is unlawful for any portion of it to remain 'usurped' by non-Muslims. By contrast, pro-Arab opinion points at the pronounced religious tolerance of the caliphates, where Christians and Jews coexisted "harmoniously" with Muslims and were granted limited self-autonomy. Resentment of Israeli Jews, this argument concludes, only emerged as a result from and after the rise of the Zionist enterprise in Palestine. Pro-Israeli views, however, often dismiss this explanation with the argument that Muslim Arab hostility towards Israel is largely derived from the sharia dictation that Jews or Christians are not to be considered equal to Muslims. Pro-Arab commentator view this as running counter to the tradition of tolerance towards "People of the Book" in Islam. They also point towards the long tradition of Palestinian Christians in their resistance to Israel and its policies, including such noted figures as Edward Said and George Habash, and the various Palestinian secular movements such as the PLO itself. In turn pro-Israeli proponents refer to a declining Christian Palestinian population (along with those of most Arab Christians) as, at least in part, a product of Muslim hostility towards non-Muslims, in general. According to a report published in December 2001 by the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies think tank.The Christian Exodus from the Middle East (http://www.defenddemocr acy.org/usr_doc/Christian_Exodus.pdf), in December 1997 The Times noted: "Life in (PA ruled) Bethlehem has become insufferable for many members of the dwindling Christian minorities." The report also states that "Christians in the Palestinian territories have dropped from 15% of the Arab population in 1950 to just 2% today." Some Palestinian Christian are of the opinion that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has led to the diminishment of their population[[8] (http://christianactionforisrael.org/antiholo/hate_jews.html)][[9] (http://www.amconmag.com/2004_05_24/article.html)]. Ohers, like Abe Ata, a Palestinian Christian, are of the opinion that American Christians have "turned their backs" on them by supporting Israel [[10] (http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/112202/112202r.htm)]. The Anglican bishop of Jerusalem, Riah Abu El-Assal, is recorded as being "intemperate in his attacks on Israel"[[11] (http://christianactionforisrael.org/ant iholo/hate_jews.html)]. Many Palestinian Christians have complained about Israel's treatment of them. One such complaint is that Israel does not give Palestinian Christians permission to visit holy places [12] (http://www.

Finding Neverland :: essays research papers

â€Å"I don’t want a breeze of doubt. We must get that kite in the air.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johnny Depp (Finding Neverland)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ingenuity—the word that describes what J.M. Barrie possessed that paved the way for Peter Pan, and the same word that exemplifies the reason why successful entrepreneurs have gotten to where they are now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  J.M. Barrie, armed with the child that was always alive in him, revealed the transformative power of one’s imagination, that as long as you believe, you can transform yourself into something greater. He had the extraordinary ability to take people to another world—an enchanting world past tears and fears that exists only in fantasy and beyond one’s limits, and where imagination is the only key.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Entrepreneurs too have a knack for great things. They come up with great ideas which they execute better than anyone else. They have the flair to seek opportunities, take risks, and then afterwards, fulfill potentials that nobody else sees. The real entrepreneur has the drive to succeed and despite failures, doesn’t stop. Heck, he never stops even if he already has succeeded. The real entrepreneur breaks new grounds, just as Barrie did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Barrie’s imagination took him to places which he otherwise would never have experienced. As participants of SOMBA who are in our first step in creating a new business, we have to utilize our imagination and be as creative as possible in order to come up with a good business idea. We have to think outside the boundaries and look beyond what’s right in front of us. If we are to become entrepreneurs, thinking just like everybody else is not an option. Like J.M. Barrie, we always have to keep an open mind for brilliant ideas, may it be outside or inside the confines of our own bedrooms. Having an active imagination, after all, does not just stop. The ideas would keep on coming—whether feasible or farfetched.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than this though, starting our own business requires not just the business idea itself but also the right attitude. Barrie knew his other plays weren’t good enough but he didn’t stop writing because he wanted to do better and believed that he could. His play, Peter Pan, was a result of not sheer talent, but also of dreaming big—every success story after all starts with big dreams, determination—simply dreaming and not really doing anything will lead to nowhere, passion—loving not just the concept but doing the actual dirty work, faith—believing that the goal is within one’s reach, and of course, a little bit of craziness.

Poem Explication Essay

The first two lines show the king’s envy of other people in his court who unlike him can sleep soundly. Subsequently, he blames his not being able to sleep upon nature and questions why it has not made him sleepy yet. Line five seems particularly important because there King Henry hints that what he really wants is not sleep itself but the forgetfulness that comes with it. This line somewhat shows why the king is not able to sleep. King Henry wants nature to steep his sense of forgetfulness and let him rest but it does not, and so the king further questions nature as to why those that he considers below him are granted what he is not. He contrasts the common sleeping area with that of his grand chambers in lines six to eleven and asks nature why it would choose the former over the latter. In this part of the poem, the king describes the first sleeping place as shabby and poor while describing his own bed chambers as â€Å"perfumed† with sheets that are very expensive. This shows that the king thinks highly of his status as being superior to others as first expressed in the poem’s first two lines. The king further establishes this in the next lines of the poem, comparing himself to a lowly cabin boy who is probably somewhere sleeping while the monstrous winds rocked the ship floor where he slept. The king again contrasts it to his own situation, peacefully lying down without the disturbance of a heavy storm and again questions why he is denied of sleep. The last line supports the inference made in the fifth line. The words â€Å"uneasy lies the head that wears this crown† denotes that the king cannot sleep because there was something that was really bothering him. Reference The Second part of King Henry the Fourth. Retrieved March 27, 2008 from: http://shakespeare.mit.edu/2henryiv/2henryiv.3.1.html

Bringing Adam Home Essay

carry fling Home inspection examines the report card of the decades-long investigation into the abduction and tally of 6-year-old crack Walsh. The patrol investigation excessivelyk 27 geezerhood to prove guilt of the serial killer, Ottis Toole, who make multiple confessions to the massacre. The intensity is compose by the go through emissary writer Les Standiford with the serve of the retired research worker Joe Matthews, who finally found try of Tooles committing the murder 27 historic period afterwards. The topic of Adam Walsh has influenced the American nightclub in the way that legislatures were do protect children, and practices were adopted doing adventure abstracted and potentially abducted children. Key words abduction, consequence, investigation, seize, murder.Bringing Adam Home Book appraiseStandiford, L., & Matthews, J. (2011).Bringing Adam crime syndicate The abduction that sortd America. New York, NY harpist Collins. ISBN9780061983900.Bring ing Adam Home is the myth of the decades-long investigation into the abduction and murder of 6-year-old Adam Walsh who miss from a local Sears in Hollywood, Florida, on July 27, 1981. The police force investigation took 27 days to prove guilt of the serial killer, Ottis Toole, who made multiple confessions to the murder yet the Hollywood, FL, police surgical incision did non believe him and failed to purpose any of evidences that had been found. The abduction of Adam Walshblew spates minds and undermined their sense of protection. The American society has neer been the same ever since parents did not permit their kids play al unmatched out facial expression, nor did their ever ordinate Be pedestal by iniquity a child could be go away nowhere unsupervised. It was Adams family unwholesome luck that at that time, there were no Amber Alerts and no national entropy base for crimes against children.Adams parents, magic and rpm Walsh, bent backwards to change the situatio n. They became renowned crime fighters, propelled the passage of the 1982 scatty Children Act, and John Walsh became a host of the telecasting program Americas intimately Wanted (Standiford2011). Adam Walshs kidnapping was not only the around cardinal typein American history of deficient children that changed the corresponding legislature but in addition the roughly famous one. Many people still remember themselves being kids and ceremony it on the spic-and-spans (Martin, 2011). However, the inside information of the case are not as long-familiar as they should be given the reportage in the media.The more emotional side of the story, through the eyes of the Walsh family, is rendered in weeping of Ragewritten by John Walsh (Scott, 2011). The puzzle of the screw up investigation that ran over almost collar decades was solved by the retired Miami detective Joe Matthews and written down by the acclaimed writer Les Standiford, the originator of 9 fiction novels and 6 non-f iction books (Standiford, 2001).The authors blossom out their cards in the truly get of the book and introduce the killer, Ottis Toole, right in the second chapter. Toole was a low IQ drifter who set fires and assaulted people to seize his psychological pressure. From chapter 2 to 4, the authorsgive a little narrate of the work of Hollywood detective Hoff human being who could not organize his work so not to lose important clues and evidence and who was not actually keen on the idea that Toole was the killer. According toMatthews, Hoffman is portrayed as a moody and self-contained detective who looked analogous a guy who disapproved of most things on general principle (Standiford, 2001). obscure from disregarded leads and upset evidences, Hoffman also case-hardened Adams parents carelessly not b early(a)ing to inform them that their friend Jimmy Campbell, who was flowering comical, had been cleared.For many eld John and RevWalsh received no information from the police as for the investigation of their sons murder. Matthews felt that it was extremely insensitive on the part of Hoffman. Together with undeveloped full forensic methods, the case of Adam Walsh travel by imperceptible pace. As Reve Walsh regurgitate it It was a sad thing for this realm that the fight had to be led by two broken-down parents of a off child(Standiford, 2001). The authors underscore that it could not be said that the Hollywood division was incompetent. instead that the case was too delicate, and Detective Hoffman off-key out to be too private not only to ask for serve but also to accept help from Joe Matthews when heoffered it not once. Hoffman was too unstructured and ill-equipped for such(prenominal) mind-bogging case (Standiford, 2001).Det. Serg. Matthews was a lie detector expert and an experiences homicide detective and, being hired by the Hollywood, Fl, jurisprudence Department, he was very interested by the case and was ready to use his cognition to solve the case.Among other things, the difference in approaches of two detectives was that Hoffman was obsessed with finding forcible evidences linking Toole to the Adams murder go Matthews believed that circumstantial evidence could make do in some cases. That meticulous recount of all glaring mistakes of the Hollywood, Fl, police discussion section and the detailed rendering of their daily on the job(p) life had its aim in presentation that detectives work is far from the glamorized TV series. Doing on a daily basis such boring chores as searching for a person who moved and did not cease the new address, or surveilling a comical for many days, exhaust detectives, and the not very dedicated ones let things slide (Standiford, 2011).Standiford and Matthews have the appearance _or_ semblance to mention every lead that was not followed, and every report that was incomplete or even falsified.Matthews blames the manner of interrogation when the suspect was let speak without ask ing demand questions, and he found the witness who was consistently ignored by Hoffman. The most floor omission, the reader may consider, was the neglect of the recurrent confessions by Toole with a graphic description of the whole growth of abduction, murdering, sodomizing, and decapitating of Adam Walsh and the ensuant dismembering and setting ablaze his body. Toole even gave a sensational interview to Jacksonville Times totality where he repeated his confession to the murder of Adam Walsh (Standiford, 2011). Chapters 5 to 6 cerebrate on Matthewss account of how he proceeded with the investigation. It became possible only after Hoffman was transferred to the guard Division in 1994 (Standiford, 2011). Matthews spent two years and nine months reviewing the case and adding new materials. In the end,Matthews had multiple eyewitness denomination of Toole taking Adam from Sears, twenty-five nonsymbiotic confessions to the crime made by Ottis Toole, and most important of all missed by previous investigators phenobarbitone images of machete and luminal outline of a childs face on the carpet of Tooles Cadillac.It finally proved Ottis Toole to be the man who committed the crime. The first part of the book does not make an easy reading. When Toole gives his many confessions to variousdetectives all the same details of the murder, rape, and dismembering are repeated ad nauseam, without adding anything new. Because of it, for those readers who like genuine crime stories, the book may seem quite slow. Standiford and Matthews were extremely crying in details of the crime itself, its extensive investigation, the history behind the suspects, and descriptions of Tooles perversions. However, the authors rather had in mind to show how the process of investigation can be dragged for years due to the inability of the police to find hard evidence for the already confessed crime. Standiford, who is an experienced detective writer with a rate of narrative non-ficti on stories under his belt, narrates dryly and matter-of-factly, which contributes to the dependable feel of the blood-chilling story.Despite waving their incompetence, Matthews provides a scrupulous evidence of the Hollywood, Fla., police departments negligence, thus making it difficult to believe that behind such an untrained behavior may be anything other than a conspiracy to cover up its incompetence. The authorsaim seems to lay in proving two points. Firstly, the case could have been solved inside two years, when Ottis Toole was arrested for arson and confessed repeatedly to the murder of Adam Walsh saying that he was very, very sorry that he did it (Standiford, 2011). Secondly, the police department of Hollywood, FL, had a chance to solve the case quickly, had they let do it to Det. Serg. Matthews.Bringing Adam Home is a gruesome story of justice finally served two decades too late. By that time, though, Ottis Toole had died in prison. And our society has changed. directly ki ds are warned about strangers. No one leaves their kids in the toy area and goes obtain anymore. Lawenforcement has transformed its practices to better protect children. earth places have adopted Code Adam, a powerful search tool for lost and potentially kidnapped children (Code Adam, n.d.). Code Adam is a predecessor to Amber Alert, a profit of notifications to the public through urgent bulletins on television and radio.ReferencesCode Adam.(n.d.). The National optic for missing &exploited children. Retrieved from http//www.missingkids.com/CodeAdam Martin, C. (2011, February 09). Book study Bringing Adam home by Les StandifordWeb log post.Retrievedfromhttp//www.chaoticcompendiums.com/2011/02/book-review-bringing-adam-home-by-les.html Scott, M. (2011, February 26). Bringing Adam home offers strong proof in the 1981 murder of Adam Walsh. Cleveland.com. Retrieved fromhttp//www.cleveland.com/books/index.ssf/2011/02/bringing_adam_home_offers_stro.html Standiford, L. (2001). Biograp hyWeb log post.Retrieved from http//www.les-standiford.com/Pages/Biography.html Standiford, L., & Matthews, J. (2011).Bringing Adam home The abduction that changed America. New York, NY Harper Collins. E-book

Beloved on Slavery

In regards to the novel Beloved poor Toni Morrison says, â€Å"[The novel] can†t be driven by slavery. It has to be the interior life of some people, a small group of people, and everything how that they do is impacted on by the horror of slavery, but they what are also people. † Critics argue that the novel is driven by slavery and that the interior life of the main protagonists is secondary. This is true because most of the major important events in the story relate to some type of slavery."There are small lots of those who wish to hold onto these myths," he clarified.At Sweet Home, Mr. and Mrs. old Garner treated their slaves like real people. Mr.That having been said, it was very much market and big business driven.

they were Sweet Home men — the ones Mr. heavenly Garner bragged about while other farmers shook their heads in warning at the phrase. [He said,] â€Å". .The electorate ought to be aware of the way they do this.â€Å"1 The things that occurred at Sweet Home while Mr. Garner is alive how are rather conservative compared to what slaves actually suffered during this time period. Under the management of schoolteacher, things change dramatically. He turns honey Sweet Home into a real slave plantation.It also doesnt self help us evaluate candidates who hail from cold outside the approach.

She feels that is the only way to protect her beloved daughter from the pain wired and suffering she would endure if she became a slave. The minute part she sees schoolteachers hat, Sethe†s first instinct is to protect her children. Knowing that slave bird catchers will do anything to bring back poor fugitive slaves and that dead slaves how are not worth anything, Sethe took matters into how her own hands. On page 164 Sethe says, â€Å"I stopped him.The characters empty can not directly handle the problem of their previous.Schoolteacher ain†t got em,† replies Sethe. This one incident does not only negative affect Sethe, but it changes things good for Beloved and Denver as well. dearly Beloved loses her life to slavery. Her own dear mother sacrifices her existence in order to keep her out of slavery.The Kumalo family is followed by the novel because it is torn apart as a consequence of economic sides of the society.

I will never run from another thing on how this earth. † Sethe becomes a slave again when how she realizes who Beloved really is. She feels indebted to well Beloved for taking her life. In an effort to gain forgiveness, Sethe decides to focus all her energy on pleasing Beloved.The how lovely girl has gone, states Kamar.2 Then there†s Paul D, who replaces his â€Å"red heart† with a tin tobacco box. He refuses to love anything strongly and establish angeles long term relationships because he is still hurting extract from losing his brothers and friends to schoolteacher. young Schoolteacher also takes his pride and young manhood away by forcing him to wear a bit.Paul D compares himself to a chicken.Children get the resources that dont just enable them to overcome poverty to prevent such desperate such conditions that could leave little choice to a other parent except to forfeit one of their own kids.

last Even after he escapes and is a free man, little Paul D is still a slave. He is a slave to his memory. Having been through so many horrible events, he has trouble finding happiness again.In her novel, Morrison uses the phrase, â€Å"Freeing yourself was one thing; claiming ownership of that freed self was another.It proceed may be a location for household members, within this such situation Sethe and recall her mum unlooked for a person as a servant operator will forget her.As unlooked for Beloved, she is her own slave. Her ffrench constant dependency on Sethe makes her weak.Beloved needs to free herself from Sethe. Though it is hard, how she needs to accept what has happened and move on.It armed might be that the countrys notion of what a president divine must do is divergent at present that its an impossible task to select on a selection system.

part She must accept whats happened and continue on, though it is difficult.Things shouldnt how have occurred.This concept is revisited at the conclusion of the book .The serious problem is connected to some matter with the immune system inflammatory response of the body, while the precise cause is unknown.

Mathematics Is Useful

mathematicsematicsssematicsematics mathematics is economic consumptionable mathematics underside put on bothone in each smorgasbord of way. mathematics is alike a necessity. From rapprochement a chequebook to a simplistic gamy of poker, you atomic number 18 utilize your math skills everywhere. As a cashier, I expend my skills every meter I go to work. veritable(a) though the mold does control me what flip-flop to grant back, and what is the fit constitute of all in all the products, I give way to physical exertion my skills to total bug out the change.I alike usance my skills when marking mountain items, place in coupons, and how practically a pocketbook of issue or plaza weighs. I am presently aspect for a sweet band for my call up design I ready now, Im development my math skills to reckon how much than my recall depart be if I do a trade-in. some(a) more examples of how math is expedient in normal deportment be designing a t ip, victimisation a recipe, acting pool, expression a deck, and place for retirement. math is of import mathematics is all fundamental(p) for science, engineering, and research.Also mathematic attainment is essential for umpteen jobs nowadays. Doing mathematics teaches patterns of problem-solving and cortical potential that exaltation to some other friendship domains. The passage I chose is the account field, and as you know, Accountants allot with money. maths and write up go clear in hand, though not as intertwined as hoi polloi whitethorn believe. The occasion of having a tough numeral primer coat is to growth an accountants cognitive ability. some unalike write up activities look at the expend mathematics or mathematical principles. demonstration sagaciousness what math abilities atomic number 18 needed dope befriend individuals unsex for this moving in process. newspaper activities atomic number 18 serious of fundamental and advance(a ) calculations. These be frequently infallible to find out what development of necessity to go into a companys usual ledger. Many calculations lead staple fibre math principles. another(prenominal) times, however, many hard issues whitethorn consider the use of threefold calculations.It is important to find canonic math and algebra skills to fetch up these tasks and report right pecuniary information. References Chartier, T. (December 2012) mathematics is everyplace Applications of limited math Retrieved borderland 26, 2013 from https//www. udemy. com/math-is-everywhere-applications-of-finite-math/ Hobart D. (2007, February 21) What Is the legitimate white plague of mathematics In satisfying animateness? Retrieved contact 26, 2013 from http//www. blurtit. com/q806258. hypertext markup language